Telegraphy.



G. MUSSO.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. 1914. nmcwan SEPT. 7. I915.

Patented May 9, 1916 2 SHEETSSHEETI e. MUSS U. TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- 21,1914- RENEWED SEPT. 7, 19 15- Patented May 9,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 llllllllllllll mmlmi NMN GIUSEPPE MUSSO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 9, 1916.

Gontinuation of application Serial No. 563,954, filed May 28, 1910. This application filed October 27, 1914,

Serial No. 868,910. Renewed September 7, 1915.

T 0 all whom it may concern Beit known that I, GiUsnrPE MUSSO, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in, Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing. 7

This invention relates to means for sending electrical impulses through a circuit characterized by high impedance.

The object of the invention is to improve the telegraphic transmission over long distance circuits, and its efliciency is especially shown over circuits of high electrostatic capacity and resistance, as in the case of underground and Submarine cables.

In carrying out my invention, I impress upon the line an impulse, whose characteristics havebeen previously established in a local circuit of predetermined inductance.

.It is generally assumed that, in order to neutralize the effect of distributed capacity in a given circuit, a certain distributed inductance must be introduced in the same circuit, and to this end, the main circuit is loaded with specially designed coils or inductances inserted at uniform intervals. This treatment of the main circuit, however, besides being very costly and troublesome, may, in some instances, represent a little less than a technical impossibility, as in the case of a submarine cable. It is after long study and experimental investigating, in-

' tended to obviate these serious inconvenvery much, approximately, as if impedance.-

iences, that I have succeeded in proving it to be quite possible to obtain, in practice, a satisfactory condition of resonance in a circuit of very high electrostatic capacity, without distributing along the same circuit coils or other elements or devices, intended to establish a certain distributed inductance.

By mymethod, instead of treating the main circuit echanically, I treat my working impulse electrically, in a local circuit, before allowing it on the main line. Thus, by establishing a proper relation between the characteristics of the main circuit and those of the local circuit, I can obtain results which plainly show that the impulse behaves of the circuit were reduced to a mere ohmic Serial No. 49,374.

resistance, or what is but another aspect of the same fact, the phase of the electromotive force and that of the current of the same impulse at the receiving end of the line can be made to coincide.

The apparatus by which I secure my method of transmission consists of at least one local circuit, which can be put alternately in electrical connection with the main circuit, or separated therefrom. Such local circuit contains a source of electromotive force and an adjustable inductance connect ed in series. Both the source of electromotive force and inductance are, preferably, so locatcd that, by a suitable mechanism, they can be out directly in the main line. I may employ one or more local circuits, but, when it is desirable to change the direction of the working impulse, I prefer to use two local circuits which are controlled by either hand keys or by an automatic mechanism such as the VVheatstone transmitter, for example. In the present improvement the local circuits are kept normally open, and the present improvement provides means for securing impulses of uniform strength, independently of the length of time allowed for various spacing, and also avoids the battery being short circuited during the position of rest of the transmitting device. It also provides means for regu: lating the duration ofthe local circuit being maintained closed, and that of the line being grounded through said open or closed circuit, after each signal has been sent.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a modification of the same.

In practice I prefer the arrangement illustrated by Fig. 1, for the reason that it affords a better control of the battery current, since any charging, of the line directly from the battery is undesirable. In Fig. 1, wires 1, 2, 3, lead to a double acting handkey or to an automatic transmitter. The local circuits, such as 30, 32, 14, 25, are normally open at 10. The spring 25, 9, fixed on a piece of dielectric 26, is controlled by the thumbscrew 27, so that with the aid also of the screw 14 and the. stop S the relative distance of the contacts 8, 9, 10 can be regulated. The metallic lever 10, 15 is pivoted at 11. The metallic lever 16, 19, pivoted at I tance. Spring 22, 20, screws 21 and 14, will regulate the duration of contacts 15, 16, 19,20, 21.

When the magnet m is energized, it causes the metallic lever L pivoted at 6, to close the contacts 9 and 10, first and then the contacts 8 and 9, thereby closing the local circuits 9, 25, B, i, 30, 32, 14, 13, 10, until the separation of contacts 13, 14 takes place, thus determining the discharge from the inductance i into the line along 29, 30, 25, 9, 8, 6, 59, 60, 24, 20, 21, 33, 31. At this time the battery B is set directly over the main line, which occurrence is not desirable. To obviate this inconvenience, the contacts 15, 16 are immediately closed, thus closing again the local circuit through the extension 14, 65, 17, 16, 15, while the main line is still connected with the same. Contact 20, 21 is then broken, thus disconnecting the main line from the local circuit for the purpose of preventing its being charged to any amount by the battery B. When lever L is released, contacts 8, 9 separate in advance of contacts 9,10.

It will be readily seen that the diagram of Fig. 1 represents a twin apparatus. The operation, just described, of the one on the right of the figure, applies exactly to the other one on the left side of the diagram. The only difierence lies in the polarity of the resulting impulse sent over the main line, inasmuch as the connections of the main battery B are inverted in respect to those of battery B. Thus, when the circuit of the local battery I) is closed at the endof the wires 1 and 2 leading to a hand-key or antomatic transmitter, the magnet m is energized; by its attraction of armature 63,

the lever L is caused to. swing on its pivot 35; the contacts 39 and 40 are closed, first, thereby closing the local circuit 39, 45, 44, 61, 62, i, B, 37, 40, and then the contacts 40 and 41,- until the separation of contacts 44, 45 takes place, thus determining the dis' charge from the inductance i into the main line, along 29, c2, 37, 10, 41,35, 58,57, 50,

55, 56, 34, 31, 26. At this instant, the batter B is set directly over the main line, whic occurrence is undesirable. 'To obviate this inconvenience, the contacts. 46, 47, are immediately closed, thus closing again the local circuit through the extension 44, 64, 48', 47, 46, while the main line is'still con nected with the same. Contact 55, 56 is then broken, thus disconnecting the main line from the local circuit for the purpose of preventing its being'charged to any amount the battery B. When lever L is released, contacts 40, 41 separate in advance of contacts 39, 40.

' Referring to Fig. 2, when magnet m is energized it causes the metallic lever L to release the contact 113, 114 as soon as the smaller lever 114, 116, pivoted at 115, by the action of the tension spring 119, will have met the stop S immediately after this, contact 108, 109 is made, then contacts 109, 110, thereby closing the local circuit 110, 111, 121, 122, i, B, 109. m releases the lever L, the tension spring 107 comes into action; the contact 109, 110 is broken and the discharge from the inductance z' is sent over the main line along earth, 123, 122, i, B, 149, 109, 108, 106, 121, 125, 126. The contact 108, 109 is then broken thus cutting off the communication of the main line with the battery B, and putting said line to'earth along 113, 114, 116, 117 S 147, 120, 121, 122, 123. The function of the contact spring 117, 118, which is in me- .tallic. connection with the lever 114, 116, is

that of permitting the regulation of the time during which the line is grounded to facilitate its discharge.

It will be readily seen that, as in the case of Fig. 1 the diagram of Fig. 2 represents a twin apparatus. The operation, just described, of the one at the right ofthe figure, applies exactly to the other on the left of the diagram. The only difference lies in the polarity of the resulting impulse sent over the main line, inasmuch as the connections of the main batteryB are inverted in respect to those of battery B Thus when the circuit of the local battery I) is closed at the end of the wires 1 and 2 leading to a hand key or automatic transmitter, the magnet m becomes energized, the armature 128 is attracted, causing the lever L pivoted at 129, to release the contact 131, 132. This release occurs as soon as the smaller lever 131, 139, pivoted at 138, by the action of the tension spring 142, will have met the stop S. Successively, contact 133, 134 is first made, and then contact 134, 135, thereby closing the local circuit 135, 136, 144, 143, 2", B, 148, 134. As soon as the magnet m releases the lever L, the tension spring 130 comes into action; the contact 134, 135, is broken, and the discharge from the inductance 2" is sent over the main line along earth, 123, 143, i, B, 148, 131, 133,129, 127, 125,126. The contact 133, 134 is then broken, thus cutting off the electrical communication of the main line with the battery B, and putting said line incidentally to earth,.along' 132, 131, 138, 139, 140, S, 146, 145, 144, 143,123, before the breaking of contact 140, S.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising a local circuit normally open including a source of electromotive force and an inductance, means for closing said local circuit for a predetermined period of time, means for connecting said As soon .as the magnet local circuit with the main line for a predetermined period of time, means for impressing upon the main line impulses from said local circuit having predetermined characteristics, means for impressing upon the main line impulses from said local circuit of opposite polarity from said first named impulses, and means for disconnecting the local circuit from the main line.

2. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising a local circuit normally open including a source of electromotive force and an inductance, means for closing said local circuit for a predetermined period of time, means for connecting said local circuit with the main line for a predetermined period of time, means for impressing upon the main line impulses from said local circuit having predetermined uniform characteristics, means for impressing upon the main line impulses from said local circuit of opposite polarity from said first named impulses, and means for disconnecting the local circuit from the main line.

3. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising a local circuit normally open including a source of electromotive force and an inductance, means for closing said local circuit for a predetermined period of time, means for connecting said local circuit With the main line for a predetermined period of time, means for opening said local circuit to cause impulses having predetermined characteristics to be impressed upon the main line, means for closing said local circuit for a predetermined period of time to cause impulses of opposite polarity to be impressed upon the main line, and means for disconnecting the local circuit from the main line.

4. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising apparatus adapted to operate successively in combination with a normally open local circuit in- (uding a source of electro-motive force and an inductance, said apparatus having a plurality of means operative firstly to close said local circuit for a predetermined period of time, secondly to connect said local circuit for a predetermined period of time With the main line, thirdly to cause impulses having predetermined characteristics to be impressed upon the main line, fourthly to cause impulses of opposite polarity to be impressed upon the main line, and finally to disconnect the local circuit from the main line.

5. Means for sending electrical.impulses, comprising, in combination with a main line, means for successively connecting and disconnecting the main line circuit and a local circuit, a local circuit normally open and ineluding a source of electro-motive force and and an inductance, and means cooperating with said first named means for closing said local circuit after the connecting of said main line and local circuits whereby an impulse having predetermined characteristics and polarity is impressed upon the main line.

6. Means for sending electrical impulses, comprising, in combination with a main line, a local circuit normally open and including a source of electro-motive force and an inductance, and means for successively closing said local circuit, connecting the main line thereto, opening the local circuit, closing said local circuit, disconnecting the main line circuit and opening the local circuit, Whereby successive impulses having predetermined characteristics and opposite polarity are impressed upon the main line.

7. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising a plurality of local circuits each including a source of electro-motive force and an adjustable inductance, means for selectively closing said local circuits, means for selectively connecting any of said local circuits to the main line, means for selectively impressing impulses having predetermined characteristics and polarity upon the main line, and means for disconnecting any of the said previously connected local circuits from the main line 8. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising a plurality of local circuits each including a source, of electro-motive force and an inductance, means for selectively closing said local circuits, means for selectively connecting any of said local circuits to the main line, means for selectively impressing impulses having predetermined uniform characteristics and polarity upon the main line, and means for disconnecting any of said previously connected local circuits from the main line.

9. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising a plurality of local circuits each including a source of electro motive force and an inductance, means for selectively closing said local circuits, means for selectively connecting any of said local circuits to the main line, means for selectively opening and thereafter closing any of said local circuits previously connected to the main line to cause impulses having predetermined characteristics and polarity to be impressed upon the main line, and means for disconnecting any of the said previously connected local circuits from the main line.

10. Means for sending electrical impulses over a main line, comprising apparatus adapted to operate successively and selectively in combination With a plurality of normally open local circuits each including a source of electro-motive force and an inductance, said apparatus having a plurality of means operative firstly to close any of said local circuits for a predetermined period of time, secondly to connect said closed iuczii ciijmiit far. :1; period of time Wiiii U25. mi 7 to suiectiwiy ({{USH impialbvs inndetiimineii Ciiflifltiifi is imp; v upon the main lime, fun. i 501w mum irn mlaw: n? ,5 ,z zxvity i: imprvsscd 151ml; Haw 1 .3.. uni iil ifiiV in lnwii cinzuits mm: time; inn

11. B im- How! an magmiw on? :1 mail limcmiipi 15;;1 :i imzii? iiui'n'ia iy oprn including 15 smii'vv mi lnofivu ilm'e and an ix 42mm means fer Musing mid 3 mil aii'filit km. :1 pi'wieim'iii' period of timix, manna for connect said 106:] (iii'fllii with the main line for a PI"?- deiel'mmed period of ti me means for impressing upon the main iiiii; impulsa'a fi'wzii said local circuit hm'i. r pm leiimii z-d chanuzteristi(is, uwzins i'm impre iipon the main line impuisev from said 10ml "ii"- cuit of opposite puianiiy Kim mid firm. named impulses, means my .1' .illnhiiiflgf the locai circuit fi'rmi Elie. mum liiiu, and

for rcai'oring die in Hi 0 ei mn the main iiiw. me:

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